Pre-Independence

The Depots of the Indian Artillery and the Royal Artillery were separate. The artillery training for Indian troops was streamlined by Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener in 1905. The lack of reserves available to the Mountain Artillery, which were the foundation of the Indian Artillery brought out the necessity of sequestering a portion of the Mountain Batteries at strategically located depots to hold baggage as well as serve as feeder organisations

The locations were influenced by opening of the frontier railways and Mountain depots were raised at Rawalpindi, Abbotabad, Baushera and Kohat. The major earthquake at Quetta made resiting of Artillery Depots necessary. The Rawalpindi Depot was moved to Dehradun and was designated as Pack Artillery Training Centre (PATC). Keeping in view the requirement of the raising new Mountain Batterys, depots at Abbotabad and Quetta were also merged with the PATC and the Centre was designated as Mountain Artillery Training Centre (MATC) wef 15 Aug 1920. In Oct 1921, the MATC was moved to Lucknow and again to Ambala in 1928.

At the end of WW I, the Royal Artillery in India had seven depots located at Ahmednagar, Belgaum, Dehradun, Jabalpur, Kirkee, Lucknow and Roorkee. In 1919, these were amalgamated into one central Royal Artillery Depot at Jabalpur. In 1920, this Depot with its Records Office moved to Deesa where it was re-designated as Royal Artillery Training Centre (RATC). In 1925, the RATC moved to Mathura and was re-designated as the Field Artillery Training Centre (FATC). On its formation, there were 9 Depots (4 Field & 5 Anti-Tank Regiments). By Jul 1943, the number of depots had increased to 38. On 21 Feb 44, the Artillery Centre Records expanded and were re-organaisation as Indian Artillery Depot and Records. In Jan 1945, Indian Artillery Depot and Records were split into independent units. On conferring of the title Royal in Aug 1945, the Depot and Records were referred to as Royal Indian Artillery Depot and Records. In Apr 1946, the FATC was moved to Pollachi (Coimbatore) and became Royal Indian Artillery Centre (South) but the Royal Indian Artillery Depot & Records continued to be at Mathura.

Post Independence

On 07 Apr 1948, Royal Indian Artillery Centre North was amalgamated with Royal Indian Artillery Centre South at Deolali and its Records were merged with Royal Indian Artillery Depot and Records Mathura. On 26 Jan 1950, on proclamation of India as Republic, the title of 'Royal' was dropped.

The Artillery Depot & Records which continued to be located at Mathura due to administrative reasons were finally co-located with Artillery Centre, Nasik wef 12 Apr 1966. 
 
The Peace Establishment of Artillery Depot was revised and once again the Artillery Depot Regiment came into being as a separate entity wef 01 Feb 1968. 

The Air Defence Artillery which formed part of Regiment of Artillery were separated with the creation of a separate Corps. The Artillery Depot Regiment continued to function as hitherto fore till Apr 2005 where upon the Air Defence elements bifurcated and formed their own Air Defence Depot Battery. 

Consequent to the mov of Army Air Defence Centre to Gopalpur, the unit was relocated at its present location in May 2008.