1.       Genesis.   Ethiopia and Eritrea had a long history of conflict based on intricate issues to include ethnic, economic and border disputes. In 1998, fighting erupted between the two countries as a result of the border dispute and witnessed major humanitarian crises. The UN dispatched a political mission to the country to resolve the issue and was able to ensure cessation of hostilities. However, the fighting resumed in May 2000, leading to further accentuation of the humanitarian crises situation. Due to international pressure and involvement of UN, the two nations signed a comprehensive peace agreement on 12 December 2000. UN was established a peacekeeping mission with a mandate to monitor peace, verify redeployment of Ethiopian Forces and provide technical assistance to de-mining operations.

2.      Contribution.    Indian contribution to UNMEE was substantial with an Infantry Battalion Group, Force Reserve Company, Engineer Company and Staff Officers. The Indian contingents undertook various operational, humanitarian, Civil Military Coordination and Cooperation (CIMIC) activities in support of the UN mandate. The neutrality displayed in maintaining constant vigil over the Temporary Security Zone (TSZ); handling and repatriation of refugees, was appreciated by the UN agencies. The medical and veterinarian assistance provided to the local population assisted in creation of a positive image for UN and Indian contingents. The Indian Contingents performed an exemplary role to ensure peace between the two nations.