1.       Genesis.   Since its independence from Belgian rule, in 1962, Rwanda was besieged with conflict based on ethnic fault lines. The conflict invited the attention of the world community and an agreement (Arusha Agreement) between the belligerent factions was negotiated on 22 July 1992. The UN authorised the establishment of an observer mission in Rwanda to oversee the implementation of the agreement.  UNMAIR’s mandate included ensuring safety of Kigali City (capital of Rwanda), monitor ceasefire agreement, assist mine clearance and provide security to refugees. However, the mandate did not factor the political resolution of the conflict and failed to settle the conflict. The events of April 1994, led to a large scale genocide and a major humanitarian crisis in Rwanda. As the humanitarian crises loomed large, the UN Security Council expanded its mission with a mandate to provide security to humanitarian assistance operations and also to investigate the causes of genocide.

2.      Contribution.    India deployed an Infantry Battalion, Engineer Company, Signal Company, Observers and Staff Officers. The Indian contingent was responsible for safety and security of Kigali and the UN offices. The situation was tenuous and the Indian contingent through extensive domination of the area, brought stability and restored law and order in the city. The Indian contingent was also instrumental in management of detainee camps and coordinated the humanitarian assistance operations. With hard work, dedication and commitment, the peace and stability were restored in Rwanda. The Indian contingent was one of the last contingents to be withdrawn, on downsizing of UNMAIR.